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Miniopterus tao
''Miniopterus tao'' is a fossil bat in the genus ''Miniopterus'' from the Pleistocene of Zhoukoudian in China. It is known from a number of mandibles (lower jaws), which were initially identified as the living species ''Miniopterus schreibersii'' in 1963 before being recognized as a separate species, ''M. tao'', in 1986. ''Miniopterus tao'' is larger than living ''M. schreibersii'' and has more closely spaced lower premolars and more robust talonids (back groups of cusps) on the lower molars. The back part of the mandible is relatively low and on it, the coronoid and condyloid processes are about equally high. The average length of the mandible is 12.0 mm.
==Taxonomy==
In 1934, Chinese paleontologist C.C. Young was the first to describe fossil bats from the fossil site of Zhoukoudian Locality 1, which is famous for Peking Man. However, he did not mention ''Miniopterus'', which was first recorded by Kazimierz Kowalski and Chuan-kuei Li in 1963 in a description of new material from layer 8 of the cave site. They identified the ''Miniopterus'' as the widespread living species ''Miniopterus schreibersii'' on the basis of 48 mandibles (lower jaws) from layer 8 and reassigned another mandible that had previously been identified as ''Myotis'' to ''Miniopterus''.〔Kowalski and Li, 1963, pp. 148, 150〕 In a 1986 paper, however, Bronisław Wołoszyn described the population as a new species, ''Miniopterus tao'', after examining two mandibles in the collections of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He did place the species in the "''schreibersii'' group" of ''Miniopterus'',〔 but considered it unlikely to be ancestral to living ''M. schreibersii''.〔Wołoszyn, 1986, p. 209〕 The specific name, ''tao'', refers to the Chinese philosophical concept, the Tao.〔Wołoszyn, 1986, p. 205〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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